डायनासोर जिसका अर्थ यूनानी भाषा में बड़ी छिपकली होता है लगभग 16 करोड़ वर्ष तक पृथ्वी के सबसे प्रमुख स्थलीय कशेरुकी जीव थे। यह ट्राइएसिक काल के अंत (लगभग 23 करोड़ वर्ष पहले) से लेकर क्रीटेशियस काल (लगभग 6.5 करोड़ वर्ष पहले), के अंत तक अस्तित्व में रहे, इसके बाद इनमें से ज्यादातर क्रीटेशियस -तृतीयक विलुप्ति घटना के फलस्वरूप विलुप्त हो गये।
जीवाश्म अभिलेख इंगित करते हैं कि पक्षियों का प्रादुर्भाव जुरासिक काल के दौरान थेरोपोड डायनासोर से हुआ था और अधिकतर जीवाश्म विज्ञानी पक्षियों को डायनासोरों के आज तक जीवित वंशज मानते हैं। हिन्दी में डायनासोर शब्द का अनुवाद भीमसरट है जिस का संस्कृत में अर्थ भयानक छिपकली है।
डायनासोर पशुओं के विविध समूह थे।जीवाश्म विज्ञानियों ने डायनासोर के अब तक 500 विभिन्न वंशों और 1000 से अधिक प्रजातियों की पहचान की है और इनके अवशेष पृथ्वी के हर महाद्वीप पर पाये जाते हैं। कुछ डायनासोर शाकाहारी तो कुछ मांसाहारी थे। कुछ द्विपाद तथा कुछ चौपाये थे, जबकि कुछ आवश्यकता अनुसार द्विपाद या चतुर्पाद के रूप में अपने शरीर की मुद्रा को परिवर्तित कर सकते थे। कई प्रजातियां की कंकालीय संरचना विभिन्न संशोधनों के साथ विकसित हुई थी, जिनमे अस्थीय कवच, सींग या कलगी शामिल हैं। हालांकि डायनासोरों को आम तौर पर उनके बड़े आकार के लिए जाना जाता है, लेकिन कुछ डायनासोर प्रजातियों का आकार मानव के बराबर तो कुछ मानव से छोटे थे। डायनासोर के कुछ सबसे प्रमुख समूह अंडे देने के लिए घोंसले का निर्माण करते थे और आधुनिक पक्षियों के समान अण्डज थे।
"डायनासोर" शब्द को 1842 में सर रिचर्ड ओवेन ने गढ़ा था और इसके लिए उन्होंने ग्रीक शब्द δεινός (डीनोस) "भयानक, शक्तिशाली, चमत्कारिक" + σαῦρος (सॉरॉस) "छिपकली" को प्रयोग किया था। बीसवीं सदी के मध्य तक, वैज्ञानिक समुदाय डायनासोर को एक आलसी, नासमझ और शीत रक्त वाला प्राणी मानते थे, लेकिन 1970 के दशक के बाद हुये अधिकांश अनुसंधान ने इस बात का समर्थन किया है कि यह ऊँची उपापचय दर वाले सक्रिय प्राणी थे।
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MPSC Exam Overview-Maharashtra Public Service Commission (MPSC) that works for the recruitment of eligible candidates for civil service jobs in Maharashtra. The recruitment of candidates is done based on merit and reservation rules as per the government. Some of the major recruitments conducted by MPSC are of MPSC Forest Service, MPSC State Service exam, MPSC Agriculture Service, MPSC Sub-Inspector Exam, and many more.
MPSC Syllabus is necessary to know for each candidate who is preparing for the Maharashtra Public Service Commission (MPSC) Preliminary & Mains examinations. MPSC syllabus and Preliminary/Mains Exam Pattern help the applicants to crack the exam. Those candidates who are applying for preliminary & Mains may download Maharashtra Public Service Commission syllabus in the Pdf form also and more information are given below.
Maharashtra Public Service Commission (MPSC) conducts the following civil service exams every year. MPSC Syllabus and MPSC Exam Pattern for the following exams as given below.
MPSC Syllabus PDF in Marathi
Last year MPSC has revised the syllabus for the Mains exam. The syllabus for MPSC prelims has remained unchanged. The updated syllabus for MPSC has been provided here for reference of the candidates. The syllabus for MPSC is the most important document for exam preparation. The candidates appearing for MPSC 2021 must download the syllabus and refer the same for their preparation.
The applied candidates of Maharashtra Public Service Commission vacancies can download the MPSC Subordinate Services Group-B (PSI-STI-ASO) Syllabus 2021 PDF with the direct link available in this table below.
Here We given Syllabus for MPSC Group C Service Prelims & Mains Exam. It is very useful for those who are preparing for Group C Service Prelims Exam. Candidates can download Syllabus from the below mentioned links.
The candidates who are looking for MPSC Engineering Services Exam Syllabus 2021 for both Prelims and Mains examination, those candidates can get it from here.
Maharashtra Public Service Commission (MPSC) conducts the Maharashtra Judiciary Exam exam to recruit candidates for the roles of Civil Judge (Junior Division). This exam is also called as MPSC Civil Judge Exam, JMFC – Judicial Magistrate First Class, or CJJD – Civil Judge Junior Division.
Yes, the aspirants can choose either English or Marathi to appear for the exam.
Will I have to visit the authority premises to know in detail about the MPSC syllabus 2021?
No, there’s no need to. It is available in online and the syllabus for prelims and mains is provided here in this page.
What is the difference between UPSC and MPSC?
UPSC stands for Union Public Service Commission which recruits for Civil Services at all India level; whereas, MPSC stands for Maharashtra Public Service Commission that recruits for Maharashtra state services.
What is the process for applying to the MPSC 2021 exam?
Aspirant can apply via the official website of MPSC. On the website Register for Application, fill the Application Form, upload required documents and photos, pay the respective Application Fee, and Submit the Form.
Which is the highest post in MPSC?
A few of the important posts for which candidates are recruited through MPSC exam are: • Deputy Collector (Group A) • Deputy Superintendent of Police (DySP) (Group A)
आखिर कहां जाती है आत्मा मरने के बाद…जानिए इसका रहस्य
ऐसा माना जाता है कि मानव शरीर नश्वर है, जिसने जन्म लिया है उसे एक ना एक दिन अपने प्राण त्यागने ही पड़ते हैं. भले ही मनुष्य या कोई अन्य जीवित प्राणी सौ वर्ष या उससे भी अधिक क्यों ना जी ले लेकिन अंत में उसे अपना शरीर छोड़कर वापस परमात्मा की शरण में जाना ही होता है.
यद्यपि इस सच से हम सभी भली-भांति परिचित हैं लेकिन मृत्यु के पश्चात जब शव को अंतिम विदाई दे दी जाती है तो ऐसे में आत्मा का क्या होता है यह बात अभी तक कोई नहीं समझ पाया है. एक बार अपने शरीर को त्यागने के बाद वापस उस शरीर में प्रदार्पित होना असंभव है इसीलिए मौत के बाद की दुनियां कैसी है यह अभी तक एक रहस्य ही बना हुआ है........
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Pustak Ke Lekhak / Author of Book :
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Pustak Ki Bhasha / Language of Book :
हिंदी / Hindi
Pustak Ka Akar / Size of Ebook :
1791 KB
Pustak Mein Kul Prashth / Total pages in ebook :
17
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Description about eBook : Today sugar is readily available everywhere, and is used in foods like ketchup, beverage chocolate, sodawater, cakes, sweets and toffees. There was a time when sugar was produced only in the tropical regions of the world, and it was transported by ships to distant countries. It has been bought and sold in the international market for thousands of years…….
मोक्ष ही शरीर आणि मनापलीकडची एक अनुभूती आहे. तुम्ही शरीराचा अनुभव घेतलाय, विचार आणि भावना अनुभवता म्हणजे मनाचा पण अनुभव घेतलाय. आता यांच्या आत अजून एक अनुभव आहे. त्याला मी काही नाव देणार नाही कारण नाव दिल्यावर त्याचे चुकीचे आडाखे चालू होतात. मी फक्त इथे अनुभव देते.
त्याचे सुरुवातीचे अनुभव आपणास अत्यंत हलकेफुलके पणाची जाणीव कधी होते त्यापासून सुरू होते. कधी व्यायाम, योगासने केल्यावर आपल्याला एकदम फ्रेश वाटले आहे, तेव्हा लक्ष देऊन निरीक्षण करा. शरीराबरोबर आपण जरा हलकेफुलके झालो आहोत असा अनुभव येतो. झोपेमध्ये नुकताच प्रवेश करत असताना किंवा गाढ झोपेतून किंचित जागे झाल्यावर आपल्याला शरीरापासून लांब पण कुठल्यातरी हलक्या जगात प्रवेश केल्याचे जाणवते. कधी आपल्या शरीराचे एखादे अंग दुखत असेल, पण त्यातच आपल्याला झोप येत आहे, तेव्हा अनुभव घेतलात, तर स्पष्ट लक्षात येईल. दुखणं आणि शरीर थोडं लांब गेलयं आणि आपण थोड्या काळासाठी त्यांच्यापासून मुक्त अश्या वेगळ्याच जगात प्रवेश मिळवलाय. उठल्यावर परत शरीर आणि दुखणं परत येते, नाहीतर ते दुखणं बरं झालेलं असत. हे जे अनुभव सांगितलेय मी, हे ज्यांनी आयुष्यात कधीच ध्यान किंवा अध्यात्मामध्ये काहीच केले नाही त्यांनाही आलेले असे सांगितले.
जी लोक ध्यान किंवा योगासने नियमित करतात, ते माझ्या उत्तराशी जास्त relate करू शकतील. ध्यानाने ही हलकेफुलके पणाची अनुभूती जास्त खोल होत जाते. एकाच वेळी शरीर आणि त्याला जोडलेले हे हलकेफुलके ऊर्जा शरीर एकाच वेळी अनुभवायला यायला लागते. त्याच बरोबर भरपूर शांती आणि आंनद पण अनुभवायला मिळतो. एक रहस्य पण उलघडते, की शरीराला होणारी दुखापत यापासून वाचण्यासाठी आपल्या आतमधेच अजून एक खोली आहे, जिथे आपण विश्रामला जाऊ शकतो. मनाच्या कल्लोळाला तिथून खुदकन हसत पाहू शकतो.
मोक्ष म्हणजे ह्या तिसऱ्या खोलीचा पत्ता सापडणे. आणि ज्या भाग्यवाणाला तो याची देही तो सापडला, तर सगळ्यात मोठी लॉटरी लागली असे समजा. त्या क्षणी मृत्यूचे भय संपले. त्याला जगातली कुठलीच गोष्ट दुःखी करू शकणार नाही. तिथे फक्त आनंद आणि शांतीचा कधी न संपणारा महासागर आहे.
कसा मिळवायचा हा मोक्ष? जागृत राहून. चिकित्सक वृत्ती असेल तर ध्यान करा, जास्त भावनिक असाल तर भक्ती करा, आत्ताच काही समजत नसेल तर अध्यात्माचे वाचन करा. एक दिवस तुम्हाला जमेल असा मार्ग नक्की सापडेल. अवघड आहे की सोप्प ह्या गणितात पडू नका. त्या जाणिवेचे रोज काही glimpses मिळतील म्हणून रोज काही न काहीतरी करत राहा, व्यायाम, योगासने, ५ मिनिटांचे ध्यान, मनापासून आवडलेले एखादे भजन यामधून थोडे थोडे glimpses मिळतात. अंतिम उद्दिष्टाचा लोड आत्ताच घेऊ नका.....
This article is about the H. G. Wells novel. For the character, see Griffin (The Invisible Man). For the Ralph Ellison novel, see Invisible Man. For other uses, see The Invisible Man (disambiguation).
The Invisible Man is a science fiction novel by H. G. Wells. Originally serialized in Pearson's Weekly in 1897, it was published as a novel the same year. The Invisible Man to whom the title refers is Griffin, a scientist who has devoted himself to research into optics and who invents a way to change a body's refractive index to that of air so that it neither absorbs nor reflects light. He carries out this procedure on himself and renders himself invisible, but fails in his attempt to reverse it. A practitioner of random and irresponsible violence, Griffin has become an iconic character in horror fiction.
While its predecessors, The Time Machine and The Island of Doctor Moreau, were written using first-person narrators, Wells adopts a third-person objective point of view in The Invisible Man. The novel is considered influential, and helped establish Wells as the "father of science fiction".
Author
H. G. Wells
Country
United Kingdom
Language
English
Genre
Horror, science fiction novel
Published
1897
Publisher
C. Arthur Pearson (UK) Edward Arnold (US)
Media type
Print (hardback & paperback)
Pages
149
Text
The Invisible Man at Wikisource
summary
A mysterious man, Griffin, referred to as 'the stranger', arrives at the local inn owned by Mr. and Mrs. Hall of the English village of Iping, West Sussex, during a snowstorm. The stranger wears a long-sleeved, thick coat and gloves; his face is hidden entirely by bandages except for a prosthetic nose, and he wears a wide-brimmed hat. He is excessively reclusive, irascible, unfriendly, and introverted. He demands to be left alone and spends most of his time in his rooms working with a set of chemicals and laboratory apparatus, only venturing out at night. He also causes a lot of accidents, but when Mrs. Hall addresses this, the stranger angrily demands to put it on his bill. While Griffin is staying at the inn, hundreds of strange glass bottles arrive. Many local townspeople believe this to be very odd. He becomes the talk of the village with many theorizing as to his origins.
Meanwhile, a mysterious burglary occurs in the village. Griffin is running out of money and is trying to find a way to pay for his board and lodging. When his landlady demands that he pay his bill and quit the premises, he reveals his invisibility to her in a fit of anger. An attempt to apprehend the stranger by police officer Jaffers is thwarted when he undresses to take advantage of his invisibility, fights off his would-be captors, and flees to the South Downs.
There Griffin coerces a tramp, Thomas Marvel, into becoming his assistant. With Marvel, he returns to the village to recover three notebooks that contain records of his experiments. Marvel attempts to betray the Invisible Man, who threatens to kill him. Marvel escapes to the seaside town of Port Burdock, pursued to a local inn by the Invisible Man, who is shot by one of the bar patrons.
The Invisible Man takes shelter in a nearby house that turns out to belong to Dr. Kemp, a former acquaintance from medical school. To Kemp, he reveals his true identity. Griffin is an albino former medical student who left medicine to devote himself to optics.
Griffin tells Kemp the story of how he invented chemicals capable of rendering bodies invisible, which he first tried on a cat, then himself, how he burned down the boarding house he was staying in to cover his tracks, found himself ill-equipped to survive in the open, eventually stole some clothing from a theatrical supply shop on Drury Lane, and then headed to Iping to attempt to reverse the invisibility. Having been driven somewhat unhinged by the procedure and his experiences, he now imagines that he can make Kemp his secret confederate, describing a plan to use his invisibility to terrorise the nation.
Kemp has already denounced Griffin to the local authorities, led by Port Burdock's chief of police, Colonel Adye, and is waiting for help to arrive as he listens to this wild proposal. When Adye and his men arrive at Kemp's house, Griffin fights his way out and the next day leaves a note announcing that Kemp himself will be the first man to be killed in the "Reign of Terror". Kemp, a cool-headed character, tries to organise a plan to use himself as bait to trap the Invisible Man, but a note that he sends is stolen from his servant by Griffin. During the chase the invisible Griffin arms himself with an iron bar and kills a pursuer.
Griffin shoots Adye, then breaks into Kemp's house. Adye's constables fend him off and Kemp bolts for the town, where the local citizenry come to his aid. Still obsessed with killing Kemp, Griffin nearly strangles the doctor but he is cornered, seized, and savagely beaten by the enraged mob, his last words a desperate cry for mercy. Despite Griffin's murderous actions, Kemp urges the mob to stand away and tries to save the life of his assailant, though unsuccessfully. The Invisible Man's battered body gradually becomes visible as he dies, pitiable in the stillness of death. A local policeman shouts to have someone cover Griffin's face with a sheet.
In the epilogue, it is revealed that Marvel has secretly kept Griffin's notes and—with the help of the stolen money—has now become a successful business owner, running the "Invisible Man Inn". However, when not running his inn, Marvel sits in his office trying to decipher the notes in the hopes of one day recreating Griffin's work. Because several pages were accidentally washed clean during Marvel's chase of Griffin, and the remaining notes are coded in Greek and Latin, and Marvel has no comprehension of even the basic mathematical symbols he sees in the notes, he is completely incapable of understanding them.
